Electric transmission of intelligence.



I; KITSEL ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION 0F INTELLIGENCE.

Patented Apr; 2o, 1909.

APPLIUATION FILED JUNE 10, 1908.

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, UNITED srnfrns rnrnivry orrron .ISIDOR KITSEE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.'

ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION OF INTELLIGENCE.

A ToA all whom it mayn concern:

, pendent conductors" associated throughout .20

. ductor, 1n' thel form of a wire,

. tioned .conductors and connections` made them, if not twisted. And when the asso- *tai-n new and useful Improvements in Elec- 'of alternating or particularly to' the cases, the associated conductor, as when it is lhave found that the transmission of alter- Be it known that I, I siDoR KITsEE, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented vcertrlc-Transinission of Intelligence, of which the following is a s ecification.`

- Myinve'ntion re ates to the transmission fluctuating electric currents as for signaling and power purposes, butparticularly for the transmisslon of intelligence, as bytelephony or telegraphy,'vaud relates transmission of signals, power, o`r. intelligence over long distances.

My invention r'sides in transmitting and receiving apparatus associated with a line conductor comprising .i conductively indetheir-lengths or a substantial part of their lengths, ininductive relation, there being an associated conductor in inductive relation with said first ymentioned conductors and consisting of a conductor either similar to said first mentioned conductors, or disposed as a sheathing or covering for said first mentioned conductors, connections to earth being madeat a plurality of points along said associated conductor.

The conductively independent and inductively relatedv conductors arc vpreferably twisted together, while the associated consheath wrap- )ing of any sort, or a braid, is in inductive relation throughout the line with the first menfrom said associated conductor to earth at a plurality of points, occurring preferably at uniform intervals along the line. In some a wire, may be twisted with the other conductors, or dlsposed 1n snnllar manner to ciated conductor takes the form of a braid, or other sheath or wrap ing, it may be dis osed to partially or entire y surround or' ein race the inductively related or twisted conductors. But, in all cases, one or more connec? tions is or are made from the associated conductor to earth at preferably uniform intervals along the line.

By the arrangements above described, I

l Specification of Letters Patent. Application fixed June 1o, 190s.

nating or fluctuating currents is greatly improved, particularly by the connect1ons-to yPatented April 20, 1909. serial No.` 437,636. y

earth from the associated conductor at practically equally recurring intervals..

, For an illustration of some of the forms myinvention may take, reference is lto be had to the accompanying drawing, inwhich:

Figure 1 is a dla rammatic view of a teleductors are twisted together, the third or associated conductor serving as a return, and having a plurality of connections to earth. Fig; 2 is a diagrammatic view of a telephone lsystem in which thc line conductor com prises a pair of conductively independent.

conductorstwisted together, the associated conductortaking the form of a continuous 'or braided sheath, or other conducting wraping, in inductive relation with the twisted ine conductor, and .having connections to earth, the tor. l Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a telef phone system in which the line conductor consists of a pair ol" conductively independciated conductor being a coritinuous or braided sheath, or other suitable wrapping, in inductive relation with the line conductor, such sheath or wrapping serving as a return con.- ductor', and a plurality of connections to earth from the associated conductor.

'In Fig. 1, A, B, and C are insulated conductors twisted together throughout their entire lengths, or a substantial part of their entire lengths. They are thus conductively independent but inductively related. One of these conductors, as C, is used for a. return conductor. Thus, at the left hand station there is connected between the conductors A and and the secondary S of a te ephone induction coll or transformer.

In circuit with the primary P is the usual microphone M and battery b. At the right hand station, the apparatus is'connecteth however, betweenv conductors B and C. Andat a plurality 4of points, occurring preferably, though not necessarily, at uniform intervals, there are connections cto earth E.

While4 the conductor`C is conductively connected to the conductor A through the telephone apparatus at the left hand station, and to the conductor B through the telephone apparatus at the right hand station, yet throughout the line the conductor C is conductively independent of A and B, but inductively C the telelphone receiver T related to them. The connecphone system in w ich three insulated con-= earth serving as a return conduc- .ent conductors twisted together, the asso-l CIT tions from the associated conductor C to earth at a plurality oi points greatly iinroves the transmission.

`While not limiting myself to any particular theory as to the reasons for this improved transmission, due to the earth connections from the associated conductor, it is my beliel' that the connections from the associated conductor to earth at a plurality of points serve to cause said associated conductor to act as a conductor ol' practically no resistance and olfpractically no self-capacity and .of practically no self-induction. The more oi these connections c from the associated conductor to earth E, Within limits, the better will be the transmission,v for if the connections to earth are at too great distances from each other the ohmic resistance of the associated conductor C between neighboring earth connections may be great enough to cause undesirable retardation.

The composite line conductor shown in Fig. l and comprising the insulated conductors A, B twisted together and associated with C, and the associated telephonie apparatus, corresponds with that shown in Fig. 3 of my prior patent No. 803,109. And While l have here shown the associated conductor C disposed as one ot three twisted conductors, it is to be understood that the earth con- ,nections may be applied to the associated conductor when otherwise disposed as, for example, conductor C in Figs. 1 and 2 ol my said. prior patent, or when disposed in any other manner.

In Fig. 2, the telephonie apparatus at each station is the same as shown in Fig. 1, except that the return is through the earth E.

Tn this case, the associated conductor C- talres the forni. ol'I a sheath oi either continuous or discontinuous braided) conductor, partially or entirely surrounding or associated with the conductors A and B. Here the sheath C may be considered also as a return conductor since there is a path from the terminals ol the secondaries S, S through the earth to the terminal earth connections c, c. Or, the secondaries S, S may be connected directly to the sheath or associated conductor C, as shown in Fig. Indeed, the arrangement shown in Fig. 8 is the preferred one, particularly in View of the fact that the terminal earth connections c are at a substantial. distance from the ends of the sheath. It is very generally the case that' in situations or communities Where the termlnal instruments are located, there are present earth currents due to various causes,

' and these earth currents may cause disturbances u on the telephone or signaling circuit Where t e connections are made to earth at the termin al instruments. By connecting the terminal instruments to the sheath or assodated-conductor, however, in place ol connecting them directly to earth, and -Where the terminal connections from associated i conductor to earth ar at a substantial. disi tance from thc ends of the sheath or associated conductor, these undesirable cllccts from earth currents and the like are entirely eliminated. ln all cases, however, whether the associated conductor be 'twisted with the line conductors or not, it is throughout the line insulated ironi the linc coiuhiclors, but y associated.inductively therewith, and earth connections made at a plurality ol' points,

In the cases of Figs. 2 and 3, where the sheaths or associated conductors C will in most cases have a smaller ohmic resistance per unit of length thaif the associatml conductor C of Fig. l., the wnncctions to earth may be fewer, that is, disposed at greater intervals alongr the line.

The connections c from the associated con ductor to earth are preferably direct and oll relatively low resistance.

The term sheath as used herein is rrencric and includes any continuous or discon tinuous wrappingY or covering5 either pari tially or entirely surrouinlinpr or embracing the line conductors, which are conductivcly independent and inductively related, and includes also a conductor or conductors ol' whatever shape or lorin disposed either parconductor comprising` conductively indeiendent conductors in inductive relation.

YWhile l. have shown in the drawings only telephonie apparatus associated with the line` coiiductors, it is to bc understood that alternating or 'lluctuating current gcncratiner and absorbing apparatus may be so associated; or, that telegraphic or other signaling apparatus may be so associated.

`What .l claim is:

1. In a system for the transmission ol varying electric currents, a line comprising conductively independent conductors disposed in inductive relation with respect to each other, an associated. conductor in inductive relation with said conductors, and a connection from said associated conductor to earth.

2. ln a system ior the transmission of varying electric currents, a line comprising conductively Aindependent conductors ldisposed in inductive relation with resi'icct lo each other, an associated conductor in inductive relation with said conductors, and a. plurality of connections from said associaiml conductor to earth.

3. ln a system for the transmission olt varying' electric currents, a line comprising conductively independent conductors disposed in inductive relation with rcspeci 1o each other, an associated conductor disposed in inductive relation with respect to said conductors, and a plurality of' connections from said associated conductor to earth at substantially equally recurring intervals.

allel or spirally with rcspcct to thc composite,

Htl

' in inductive relation with respect to sai varying electric currents, a lne'comprising ductors and serving as a said associated conductor to nec'tion from earth.

5..In a systeln for'thetransmission of conductively independent conductors ldisposed in inductive relation with respect to each other, an associated conductor dlsv osed in inductive relation with respect tovsai conductors and se'rvingas a return,- and a plurality of connections from said associated conductor to earth.

6. In a system for the transmission of varying electric currents, a line comprisin' conductively independent conductors twisted together, an associated conductor in inductlvc relation with respect to said twisted con'- to earth.

ductors, and a plurality of connections from said associated conductor to earth.

' 7. t Iny a. system for the transmission of varying electric currents, a line cornprisinr conductively independent conductors twisted together, an associated conductor disposed with respect to said twisted conductor and serving as a return, and 'a plurality of connections from said associated conductor to earth.

8. In a system for the transmission of varying electric currents,l a ligge comprisingl conductively independent `conductors disposedlin inductive relation with res' ect to each other, a sheath disposed in in uctive relation with respect to said conductors, and a plurality of connections from said sheath 9. In a system for tlie-j transmission ol varying electric currents, a line comprising 'conductively independent conductors disposed in inductive relation with res ect to each other, a sheath disposed in in uctive relation with respect to said conductors and serving as a return, and' a plurality of connections from said sheath to earth.

10. In a system for the transmission of varying electric currents, a line comprising conductively independent conductors twisted together, a sheath disposed in' inductive conductively independent varying electric currents, a line consisting of threeconductors linsulated fromeach other but inductively related to each other,

said three conductors connected together in a manner so as te form one continuous conductor, and a plurality of conneetlons from said continuous conductor to earth.

. 13. Ina system for the transmission' ofv varying conductively independent conductors disposed in inductive relation with respeett'o each other, an associated conductor in in'- ductive relation with respect to said lconelectric currents, a line comprising j ductors and serving as a return, and a'- plurality of connections from said associated conductor to earth, the terminal earth lconnections being at substantial distances from'/ the ends of said associated conductor.

` 14. Ina systemfor the transmissiop of varying electric currents, a line comprlsing posed in inductive relation with res ect to each other, a sheath disposed in inductive relation Withrespect to said conductors and serving as a return,4 and a pluralityof conconductors disf 1 nections from'said sheath to earth, the ter minal earth connections being' at a substantial distance from the ends of said sheath.

15. In a system forv the transmissionI of varying electric currents, ajline comprising conductively independent conductors twisted together, an associated conduct r disposed in inductive relation to said t isted conductors, and a plurality of .connections from said associated conductor to earth, the terminal earth connections being at substantial distances from the ends 'of said associated conductor.

16. In a system for the transmission of varying electric currents, a line comprising conductively independent conductors twisted together, a sheath disposed in inductive relation-to' said twisted conductors, and a plurality of connections from said sheath to earth, t e terminal earth connections being at substantial'distances from the ends of said sheath.

17. .In a systemfor the transmission of varyingelec-tric currents, a line comprising three conductors connected in series with each other, two of said conductors being in inductive relation to each other throughout a substantial portion of their lengths, and a twisted together and in inductive relationy with respect to each other throughout a substantial portion of their 'engt-hs, and a plurality of connections from the third conductor to earth. l

19. In a system for the transmission of `stantial portion of their lengths, two of said conductors being twisted together, and a plurality of connections from the third conductor to earth.

2]. ln a system lor the transmission of varying electric currents, two conductors in inductive relation with respect to each other throughout a substantial portion of their'lengths and connected in series with each other by their sheath, and a plurality of connections from said sheath to earth.

22. In a system for the transmission of varying electric currents, conductors twlsted i together throughout a substantial portionl of their lengths, a sheath inclosing said twisted conductors, said twisted conductors and sheath being in inductive relation with respect to each other, said sheath being serially connected between said twisted conductors, and a plurality of connections from said sheath te earth. l

23. 1n a system for the transmission of varying electricl currents, a line extending between stations and comprising conductively independent conductors disposed in inductive relation with respect to each other, an associated conductor 1n inductive relation with said conductors, and a plurality of connections between stations from said associated conductor to earth.

.ln testimony whereof l have hereunto alixed' my signature in the presence of the two subscribing witnesses.

lSIDOR KITSEE.

` Vitnesses:

DANiEL WEBSTER, Jr., ANNA E. STEINBOCK. 

